Artificial euel and pbocess of



AnnAiws w. eounnmc,

ornrcn 0F TREN'I'ON, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO EDWARD 8. HEAD, OFPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

ARTIFICIAL FUEL PROCESS OF, MAKING THE SAME.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBANUS W. Gourm- ING, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in the city of Trenton, county of Mercer, am State ofNew Jersey, have inventeda certain new. and useful Improvement inArtificial Fuel and Processes of Making the Same, of which the followingis a specification.

There have been many efforts on the part of ,inventors to produce asatisfactory artificial fuel by combining comminuted coal, eitheranthracite or bituminous, coke braize, etc., with a suitable binder. Upto the resent time, as far as I am aware, these e orts for one reason oranother have not proved successful. Certain of the artificial fuelsheretofore produced have been objectionable for the reason that toogreat a volume or amount of smoke was produced upon the burnin of thesame. In certain other cases the fue while burning has not held togetherproperly but has fallen apart and, as it were,

disintegrated.

There is the further objection especially important at the present time,that a large investment in plant and machinery is required to producebriquets.

The most available binder for artificial fuel-is sulfite pitch, aby-product of the sulfite wood-pulp process of paper making. This is aheavy viscous substance, weighing about eleven pounds to the gallon, andof great binding power. It is also, as compared with some of thevegetable binders, such as, for example, molasses, lower in price andthe quantity available is, practically speaking, unlimited. Sulfite itchhas,

however, this objection as a bin er: that 40 brguets made by its use, in'order'to become su ciently hard to be handled as a commercial article,must either be subjected for periods of time, ranging from thirty tosixty minutes, to a high temperature rising, in some cases which havecome under my observation, to 1000 F. 'Or, if drying at a lowertemperature is employed, the time required and, consequently the spaceoccupied, to handle a large tonnage, are excessive.

The object of m invention is to improve the sulfite pitch binder byincorporating it into some substance which will cause the combinedbinder, when mixed with the coal and formed into suitable blocks orbriquets,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 27, 1919.

Application filed July 12, 1918. Serial. T50. 244,578.

drying the coal now regarded as indispensable, in all briquetingprocesses.

A further object of my invention is to do I away with the necessity ofmanufacturing briquets under heavy pressure which, in existingprocesses, necess1tates the use of elaborate and costly machinery onwhich repairs and depreciatlon are excessive.

In short, the object of my invention is to provide a binder which can beemployed for the manufacture of briquets by the use of the simpleappliances and devlces nowemployed in the manufacture of ordinarybuilding bricks without the installation of any new machinery, enablingthe brick yards to be occupied in producing a fuel for general useduring the cold weather when they would ordinarily be idle.

I have discovered that a binder consisting of a mixture of ordinaryplastic clay suitable for the manufacture of bricks and the concentratedresidual liquor of the sulfite .wood-pulp process is very satisfactoryand when mixed with finely divided coal or coke and formed inmolds-without the use of more pressure than is necessary to completelfill the molds-and then subjected to a mo crate temperature in the steamdriers iIi'g of the fuel. When clay is combined with sulfite pitch,however, and the resultant mixture is used as a binder, the producthardens quickly under a moderate temperature, and forms briquets whichare not only hard but extremely tough and resistant to shocks andstrains.

In order to give a clearer understanding of my invention, I shalldescribe in detail one way of manufacturing the same,

